लिच्छविकालीन नेपालको शिक्षा {Education in Nepal during the Lichchavi period}

Abstract

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा लिच्छवीकालीन नेपालको शैक्षिक व्यवस्थापनको चर्चा गर्ने, शिक्षा विकासमा तत्कालीन राजाहरूको योगदान पत्ता लगाउने र तत्कालीन शिक्षा प्रणालीको विवेचना गर्ने उद्देश्य राखिएको छ । अनुसन्धानका क्रममा द्वितीय स्रोतको प्रयोग गरी दस्तावेज अध्ययन गरी सूचना संकलन गरिएको छ । जसमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । लिच्छवीकालीन नेपालमा अनौपचारिक शिक्षा पद्धति भए पनि राजाहरूको शैक्षिक विकासमा महत्वपूर्ण योगदान रहेको छ । शैक्षिक व्यवस्थापनका विभिन्न निकायहरू (अग्रहार) गठन गरिएको देखिन्छ । संस्कृत र बौद्ध धर्ममा आधारित शिक्षा प्रणाली गुरुकुल पद्धतिमा आधारित भएर सञ्चालन भएको पाइन्छ । नेपालको आधुनिक शिक्षाको आधार प्राचीन वैदीक शिक्षा तथा लिच्छविकालीन शिक्षा नै हो । तत्कालीन राजाहरुको पूर्ण योगदानमा विभिन्न निकायहरु मार्फत अनौपचारीक शिक्षा संचालन गरिएको थियो । यस्तो शिक्षा पद्धतिमा संस्कृत तथा वौद्ध धर्ममा आधारित भएर शिक्षा प्रदान गरिन्थ्यो । शिक्षाको मुख्य उद्देश्य आर्दश नागरिक तयार गर्नु तथा राज्यलाई आवश्यक पर्ने जनशक्ति तयार गर्नु रहेको थियो । शिक्षालाई व्यवस्थापन गर्ने कार्य प्रत्यक्ष रुपमा राज्यले नै गर्दथ्यो ।

{The purpose of this research article is to discuss the educational management of Nepal during Lichhavi period, to find out the contribution of the kings of that time in the development of education and to analyze the education system of that time. During the research, information has been collected by studying documents using secondary sources. In which qualitative research method has been used. Even though there was an informal education system in Nepal during the Lichchavi period, the kings had a significant contribution to the educational development. It seems that various bodies of educational management (Agrahar) have been formed. The education system based on Sanskrit and Buddhism is based on Gurukul system. The basis of modern education in Nepal is the ancient Vedic education and Lichchavi education. Non-formal education was conducted through various agencies with the full contribution of the then kings. In such an education system, education was provided based on Sanskrit and Buddhism.The main purpose of education was to prepare ideal citizens and to prepare manpower needed by the state. The work of managing education was directly done by the state.}