Foreign Policy of Nepal: Strategic Approach to Sovereignty

Abstract

How do small states maintain their sovereignty in a world dominated by large powers? This question raises another critical issue: Are states, particularly small states, truly sovereign? The strategic strengths of small states are often overshadowed by their inherent vulnerabilities. The objective of the study is to explore Nepal’s foreign policy as a strategic approach to safeguarding sovereignty amid geopolitical dynamics. This article also delves into theories of international relations relating to the foreign policy of Nepal and also reflects on the evolution of foreign policy from the era of Prithvi Narayan Shah to the present. Methodologically, the research relies on qualitative methods based on secondary data sources, including a comprehensive review of articles, books, journals, and reports. The qualitative approach allows for an in-depth understanding of Nepal's foreign policy along with context and interpretation through theoretical approaches. The research aims to bridge the gap in literature regarding the significance of foreign policy to maintain sovereignty and independence in the context of shifting geopolitical dynamics. Nepal maintains her sovereignty and avoids being drawn into power struggles that could threaten her security. Nepal’s Foreign Policy-2077 reflects her commitment to defending sovereignty and ensuring national security amid evolving geopolitical challenges. Nepal can balance its relationship with both neighbors without being fully dependent on one, ensuring greater political autonomy. Nepal has always been following a non-alignment policy, but the shifting geopolitical dynamics might require a robust strategy, such as hedging. This article argues that Nepal’s foreign policy aims to promote and protect her national interests and concludes by emphasizing a new strategic approach, i.e., hedging to assert sovereignty.