कथाको सैद्धान्तिक विमर्श {Theoretical discussion of the story}

Abstract

भन्ने र सुन्ने मौखिक पद्धतिबाट प्राचीन समयदेखि मानवसमाजमा प्रचलित बनेको साहित्यको लोकप्रियविधा कथा हो । मानवले आफ्ना स्वकीय अनुभव अरूसमक्ष प्रकट गर्दा कथाको प्रारम्भ भएको अलिखितइतिहास प्रचलित अनि मौखिक परम्पराबद्ध छ । मानवजीवनको उषाप्रहरदेखि प्रयोगमा रहेको कथा प्राचीनग्रन्थहरूमा धर्म, ज्ञान, उपदेश, दृष्टान्त जनाउने अर्थमा प्रयोग भएको छ । समयको कालखण्डमा कथाकोप्रयोग सामाजिक सत्यका विषयस“ग सम्बद्ध बनेर लिपिबद्ध हु“दा १९ औ“ शताब्दीमा आधुनिक कथाकानामबाट परिचित बनेको हो । पश्चिमी साहित्यमा आधुनिक कथा लेख्ने परम्परा स्थापना भएपछि कथाकासैद्धान्तिक उपकरणका बारेमा पनि विमर्श प्रारम्भ गरिएको हो । कथाकारहरूबाट लिखित कथाहरूकोआन्तरिक वस्तुसङ्गठनलाई ध्यानमा राखेर सैद्धान्तिक उपकरणको खोजी भयो । सृजना गरिएको कथासाहित्यलाई केन्द्रमा राखेर यसका बारेमा वस्तु, आयतन, विधि र अन्य उपकरणको पहिचान गर्नथालियो । कथामा निहित रहेका सत्य सैद्धान्तिक मानकबाट परिचित बन्ने अवसर बन्यो । सर्जकले सृजनागरेका रचनावलीलाई ध्यानमा राखेर कथावस्तु, चरित्र, भाषा, शैली, परिवेश, दृष्टिविन्दु र उद्देश्यको खोजीभयो । कथाको सैद्धान्तिक चेतनाबारे प्रचलित मान्यतालाई ध्यानमा राखेर नवीन चेतनाको खोजी गर्नेसिलसिलामा संरचना र रूपविन्यासको दृष्टिकोण निर्माण भयो । कथाको पहिचान गर्न साहित्यशास्त्रमा केकस्ता अभिमत स्थापना भए ? त्यसको खोजी अध्ययनको उद्देश्य हो । अतः आधुनिक कथाका बारेमापरम्परादेखि प्रचलित सैद्धान्तिक पक्षको विमर्श गर्ने अभीष्ट यस लेखमा राखिएको छ । {It is a popular genre of literature that has been prevalent in human society since ancient times through the oral system of saying and listening. The unwritten history of the beginning of the story is prevalent and oral tradition when human beings reveal their own experiences to others. The story that has been used since the dawn of human life has been used in ancient scriptures to express religion, knowledge, teachings and parables. The use of storytelling over a period of time has become familiar with modern storytelling in the 19th century when it was written in connection with the subject of social truth. After the establishment of the tradition of writing modern stories in Western literature, discussions have also started on the theoretical tools of storytelling. Theoretical tools were explored, keeping in mind the internal content of the stories written by the storytellers. By focusing on the created fiction, objects, volumes, methods and other tools were identified. The truth contained in the story became an opportunity to become acquainted with the theoretical standards. Storytelling, character, language, style, setting, point of view and purpose keeping in mind the creations created by the creator. What ideas were formed in literature to identify the story? The purpose of the study is to find out. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss the theoretical aspects of modern storytelling.}