Hygiene Practices and Airborne Microbial Concentrations in Restaurants

Authors

  • Bashar Haruna Gulumbe Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, PMB 1157, Kebbi State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-6902
  • Abdullahi Hassan Kawo Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria
  • Mohammed Bashar Danlami Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, PMB 1157, Kebbi State, Nigeria
  • Muhammad Bello Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v8i2.25506

Keywords:

Indoor air, Bio-aerosols, Hygiene, Restaurants, Open plate technique

Abstract

 This study was carried out to evaluate bioaerosol concentrations in the indoor air and the hygiene practices of restaurants to highlight the exposure risks and improve food safety in restaurants. Using depositional sampling techniques, air samples were collected from each restaurant kitchen and dining room and aerobically cultured. Hygiene/sanitary conditions were assessed using observation schedules and questionnaires. Meteorological parameters were also monitored during air sampling. The results revealed that bacterial and fungal concentrations (CFU m-3) ranged from 1.07×103‒1.36×104 and 8.2×101‒5.76×102, respectively. Regarding the sanitary conditions of the restaurants, 3.5% of the kitchens were in good sanitary condition, and the food was adequately protected from flies in only 14% of the kitchens. Only 3.5% of the food handlers had attended food hygiene basic training, up to 33% of the food handlers had no education at all, and only 0.10% had medical certifications. High microbial counts and the poor sanitary conditions and personal hygiene practices observed in this study not only indicate a strong need for improved hygiene but also constitute a serious potential health hazards.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Abstract
707
PDF
633

Downloads

Published

2019-09-07

How to Cite

Haruna Gulumbe, B., Hassan Kawo, A., Bashar Danlami, M., & Bello, M. (2019). Hygiene Practices and Airborne Microbial Concentrations in Restaurants. International Journal of Environment, 8(2), 18–42. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v8i2.25506

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019)

Section

Research Article

License

The author(s) acknowledge that the manuscript submitted is his/her/their own original work; all authors participated in the work in a substantive way and are prepared to take public responsibility for the work; all authors have seen and approved the manuscript as submitted;  the manuscript has not been published and is not being submitted or considered for publication elsewhere; the text, illustrations, and any other materials included in the manuscript do not infringe(plagiarism) upon any existing copyright or other rights of anyone.

Notwithstanding the above, the Contributor(s) or, if applicable the Contributor’s Employer, retain(s) all proprietary rights other than copyright, such as Patent rights; to use, free of charge, all parts of this article for the author’s future works in books, lectures, classroom teaching or oral presentations; the right to reproduce the article for their own purposes provided the copies are not offered for sale.

The copyright to the contribution identified is transferred to IJE.